İngilizce Zamanlar.

Suskun

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V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #1

İngilizce Zamanlar - English Tenses

Konu içeriği​

The Simple Present Tense (İngilizce Geniş Zaman)
The Present Continuous Tense (İngilizce şimdiki zaman)
The Simple Past Tense (İngilizce Geçmiş Zaman)
The Past Continuous Tense (Geçmişte süreklilik)

The Present Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The Past Perfect Tense
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The Future Tense (Will- Going to) Gelecek Zaman ​

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #2

The Simple Present Tense (İngilizce Geniş Zaman)
​

1. Tekrarlanan Eylemler



Bir eylemin tekrarlandığının veya olağan bir şey olduğunu belirtmek için Simple Present kullanılır. Bu eylem bir alışkanlık, hobi, günlük iş veya programlı bir aktivite olabilir. Tam tersi yapılmayan veya tekrarlanmayan eylemler için de kullanılır.



v It takes me five minutes to get to school

v I go to dentist every six months

v Each summer we go to Antalya for a holiday

v She has a cup of coffee during breaks



2. Evrensel Gerçekler ve Genellemeler

Genelde olan eylemler ve bilimsel gerçekler hakkında konuşurken Simple Present kullanılır.

v Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun

v The sun does not circle the Earth

v Water freezes at 0 C.

v Cats drink milk.

3. Gelecek Zaman

Bazen gelecekte gerçekleşecek bir olayı veya eylemi Geniş Zaman (Simple Present Tense) ile ifade ederiz.



v The students go to America this summer.

v Kenneth doesn’t get a haircut today.



v Jack: When will the train leave ?

v Bob : It leaves at 8:15.

v

v When do you finish writing your report?

v Do you take the final test next month?

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #3

Present Continuous (Şimdiki Zaman)​

Kullanım I

Present Continuous Tense şu anda olan ya da olmayan eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır. Now, right now, at present, presently, for the time being, currently, at the moment, at the present time en çok kullanılan zarflardır.

Örnekler:

v You are learning English now

v We're very busy right now

v At present my father is working abroad

v He is presently our ambassador to the United Nations

v We've decided to do without a car for the time being

v The Director is currently having talks in the USA

v She's not here at the moment


Kullanım II Yakın Gelecek

Bazen yakın zamana olacak kararlaştırılmış eylemler için bu zamanı kullanırız.

Örnekler:

v I am not going to the party tonight

v Is he visiting his parents next weekend


Kullanım III Tekrar veya Yakınma "always, constantly,continuously "

Genellikle Geniş Zaman ile gösterilen, sık sık tekrarlanan, alışkanlık haline getirilen eylemleri bildirmek için de Şimdiki Zaman kullanılabilir. Bazen konuşmacının eylemi ya da alışkanlığı onaylamadığını ya da onu sinir bozucu bulduğunu gösterir. Genellikle "always", “continuously” veya "constantly" gibi zarflarla kullanılır.



Örnekler:

v She is always coming to class late.

v I don’t think Daniel can lose weight. He is always eating something


v He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut

v I don't like them because they are always complaining.

v He's continuously changing his mind .

v Nobody likes Ann at school since she is always having arguments with other students



Kullanım IV

Devamlı değişimi ifade eden ve uzun süreli olmakta olan eylemleri anlatırken kullanılır.

v Economically the country is improving steadily these past ten year

v Her health is improving rapidly

v Petroleum prices are rising these days .

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #4

The Simple Past Tense (İngilizce Geçmiş Zaman)



Geçmişte belirli bir zamanda (last year, yesterday, two weeks ago gibi) olan eylemleri anlatmada Geçmiş Zaman (Simple Past Tense) kullanılır.



v Bill Clinton was in Turkey in 1999.

v I was in Europe two months ago

v The soldiers were in their barracks at six o’clock

v We played tennis last week.

v They talked to Mr Gibs last Monday

v Ali came to visit me last July

v How many books did you read last month?

v When / what time did it start snowing?

v How many students did the teachertalk to?

v Yılmaz was sick yesterday evening

v I saw her when/while I was in İzmir

v We met on Sunday.



*** When ile yapılan sorularda daima Simple Past kullanılır.

v When did you see the film?



Simple Past Kullanılan Yapılar:

1. It is time …
2. I’d rather
3. I wish
4. If Clause Type I
5. Reported Speech

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #5

The Past Continuous Tense (Geçmişte süreklilik)​

Geçmişte belirli bir zamanda (last year, yesterday, two weeks ago gibi) olan eylemleri anlatmada Geçmiş Zaman (Simple Past Tense) kullanılır.



v Bill Clinton was in Turkey in 1999.

v I was in Europe two months ago

v The soldiers were in their barracks at six o’clock

v We played tennis last week.

v They talked to Mr Gibs last Monday

v Ali came to visit me last July

v How many books did you read last month?

v When / what time did it start snowing?

v How many students did the teachertalk to?

v Yılmaz was sick yesterday evening

v I saw her when/while I was in İzmir

v We met on Sunday.



*** When ile yapılan sorularda daima Simple Past kullanılır.

v When did you see the film?



Simple Past Kullanılan Yapılar:

1. It is time …
2. I’d rather
3. I wish
4. If Clause Type I
5. Reported Speech

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #6

Past Continuous (Sürekli Geçmiş Zaman)
​

Sürekli Geçmiş Zaman (Past Continuous Tense), geçmişte bir süre devam etmiş olan olayların aktarımında kullanılır. “Past Continuous Tense” geçmişte yarıda kesilen uzun olayları anlatmak için de kullanılır. Daha uzun olan eylemi yarıda kesen eylem genelde “Simple Past Tense” ile ifade edilir.



v I was studying lesson

v She was earning quite a lot of money

v Richard was studying English with his friends for the final test.

v Were you eating dinner yesterday at 6 pm?

v I was watching TV when he called[i5] .

v Mary was drinking tea when I arrived.

v She was smoking when I saw her





“Stative verbs” ile Past Continuous kullanılmaz



v I was enjoying the party but Ali wanted was wanting to go home.

v We knew was knowing each other very well.

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #7

Present Perfect Tense (Şimdiki Bitmiş Zaman)​

Türkçede karşılığı bulunmayan bu zaman geçmiş bir olayı şu ana bağlamak için kullanılır.



Geçmişte başlayıp hala devam eden eylemler için:



v She has been in Texas for two years

v We have lived in İzmir since 2000

v My aunt has lived with us for a long time.

v I haven't been feeling so well lately

v Have you seen any good films recently?

v I have lived in Ankara for the past eight years.







“Present Perfect Tense” sık sık “for” ve “since” ile kullanılır. “For” bir süreci, “since” de zamanda belli bir noktayı gösterir.



v Mary has been in the university for three months.

v Mr. Roberts has been in New York since last October.



Henüz (yet) / zaten, çoktan (already) /az önce (just) bitmiş eylemler için:



v He has already had his breakfast.

v They have just finished doing homework

v I haven’t eaten anything yet



Geçmişte belirsiz bir zamanda yapılmış eylemler için:



v I have been to the USA before

v He has played in a lot of different teams.

v

Gelecekte bitmiş olacağını varsaydığımız eylemleri göstermek için kullanılır.



v v I will give you the magazine when I have finished reading it

v We will go out after they have called us

v Until you have finished your homework, I can’t let you play games.

v I miss my mother a lot. As soon as I have gone home, I will kiss her.



Today, this year, this week, this month… gibi yapılarla kullanılır.



v I have met many new people today

v This week, we have done a lot of grammar exercises

v I haven’t had breakfast this morning . (Hala sabah ise Perfect zaman kullanılır.)

v I didn’t have breakfast this morning. (Öğlen veya akşam…)



Present Perfect Tense ile kullanılan diğer zarflar



v So far we've made thirty-two thousand YTL

v Have you ever been to London

v We haven't had any problems thus far

v There have been many accidents until now.

v You still haven’t payed your debt



Superlative yapılar ile kullanılır.



v İstanbul is the best city I have ever been

v This is the most delicious cake I have ever eaten

v This is the first time I have seen her.

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #8

Present Perfect Continuous
(Geçmişte Başlayıp Hala Devam Eden Zaman)​

“Present Perfect Tense” gibi “Present Perfect Continuous Tense” de geçmişte başlayıp şimdiye kadar devam eden eylem ya da olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. Ama iki zaman arasında bir fark vardır: “Present Perfect Continuous, Present Perfect Tense”e göre şimdiye daha yakındır. Yani “Perfect Continuous” bir eylem ya da olayın henüz bitmediğini vurgular ve aynı zamanda gelecekte devam edeceğini gösterir.



She has been talking on the phone for half anhour.



v I have been waiting here over an hour

v He has been getting to school by bus this week.

v How long has Fred been studying?

v Fernando has been studying for two hours.

v Mac hasn’t been attending the class for one month.

v Have they been sleeping since ten o’clock?



Az önce bitmiş olaylar için kullanılır.



v You are out of breath. What have you been doing?

v He is very tired. He has been working very hard.

v Your hands are dirty. Have you been playing in the garden?

v I am tired. I have been digging all day.



Zaman içinde tekrarlanan eylemler için kullanılır.

v Sedat is a very good chess player. He has been playing since he was 7[i12] .

v They always meet in the same cafe. They have been going there for years.

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #9

Past Perfect Tense (Geçmişte Bitmiş Zaman)

Geçmişte Bitmiş Zaman (Past Perfect Tense) Türkçe'de "miş"li geçmiş zamanın karşılığı olarak kullanılabilir. Geçmişte olan iki olaydan, daha önce gerçekleşmiş olanı ifade ederken bu zaman kullanılır. Geçmişte Bitmiş Zaman (Past Perfect Tense) geçmişte bir eylemin, başka bir eylemden önce tamamlanmış olduğunu ifade eder. Aynı zamanda geçmişte yaşanan bir eylemin belirli bir zamandan önce olduğunu söylemek için de kullanılır.

Geçmişte olan bir şeyden bahsedelim

v I started learning English last year.

Eğer bu eylemden önce yaptığım bir şeyden de bahsedeceksem Past perfect kullanılır.

v I had learnt German before I started learning English .



Önce olan eylem Past Pefect yapılır.

v When I arrived home, Sezen left . (Sezeni gördüm)

v When I arrived home, Sezen had left. (sezen’i görmedim. Benden önce çıkmış.)



v He started the car after he’d fastened his seat belt .

v I had studied a little English when I came to the US.

v I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Marmaris .

v Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2003?

v We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.

v By the time Lt John finished his studies,he had been in Istanbul for over six years.





Past Perfect ile Kullanılan Yapılar:

1. I’d rather
2. I wish / if only
3. If Clause Type III
4. Reported Speech
5. As if / As though
6. hardly/scarcely … when
7. no sooner … than

 

Suskun

V.I.P

V.I.P

• 19 Ock 2010

• #10

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense, geçmişte bir eylemin başladığını ve geçmişte yaşanan başka bir eyleme kadar devam ettiğini ifade etmek için kullanılır.

v 1.They were talking (for an hour), 2. Then Tony arrived

They had been talking for an hour before Tony arrived .

v She had been working at that company for three years when she got married

v James had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia

Bu zaman ayrıca yaşanan bir eylem veya durumun sebebini belirtirken kullanılır.

v Jason was tired because he had been jogging .

v Sam gained weight because he had been overeating] .

"for five minutes," "for two weeks" , "since Friday" gibi ifadeler kullanılmadığında Simple Past Continuous daha sık kullanılır.

v I was reading when my roommate returned .(vurgulanan okumamın kesilmesi)

v I had been reading for an hour when my roommate returned . (vurgulanan okuma süresi )